Drill rods or pipes are thin-walled and hollow sections of steel piping. Generally produced from steel or aluminium alloys, the most commonly used heavy weight drill pipe can be made from either stainless or alloy steels. These rods are bonded together to develop a drill string. During a drilling operation, the string can be attached to the rig at the exterior to the point of origin at the face of a tunnel.
A rod is useful in making provisions for a rotational torque to the head. Moreover, it also supplies fluid use for drilling from the surface to the cutting face. A stainless steel drill pipe could be produced in various sizes, strengths, and wall thicknesses. However, typically the length of a Drill Pipe & Drill Rod could be range bound between 27 to 32 feet in length. This is referred to as Range 2. If required, the lengths of an alloy steel drill pipe could be produced longer, wherein the lengths could reach as high as up to 45 feet. Today, a Modern ISO 11961 Steel Drill Pipe is constructed from the welding of at least three separate components. They include a box tool joint, pin tool joint, as well as the tube. The ends of drill pipes are usually upset to enlarge the cross-sectional stretch of its ends. The end of the api grade e drill pipe could be either internally upset (IU) or externally upset (EU). Or manufacturers could provide both an internally and externally upset (IEU) pipe. The maximum standardised upset dimensions have been stipulated in API 5DP. But the definite dimensions of the upset for an api drill pipe are considered to be proprietary to its producer.
|
Grade |
Chemical composition |
|
|
P |
S |
|
|
E75 |
<0.015 |
<0.003 |
|
X95 |
<0.015 |
<0.003 |
|
G105 |
<0.015 |
<0.003 |
|
S135 |
<0.015 |
<0.003 |
|
Tool joint |
<0.015 |
<0.003 |
|
Pipe body |
Grade |
Yield strength |
Tensile strength |
Elongation |
Hardness |
Full size charpy impact test(J) |
||||||
|
min |
max |
min |
min |
|||||||||
|
Psi |
MPa |
Psi |
MPa |
Psi |
MPa |
HBW |
HRC |
Average |
Single |
|||
|
E75 |
75000 |
517 |
105000 |
724 |
100000 |
689 |
625000A0.2/U0.9 |
- |
- |
80 |
65 |
|
|
X95 |
95000 |
655 |
125000 |
862 |
105000 |
724 |
- |
- |
80 |
65 |
||
|
G105 |
105000 |
724 |
135000 |
931 |
115000 |
793 |
- |
- |
80 |
65 |
||
|
S135 |
135000 |
931 |
165000 |
1138 |
145000 |
1000 |
- |
- |
80 |
65 |
||
|
Weld zone |
Tool joint |
120000 |
827.4 |
- |
- |
140000 |
965.3 |
=13% |
=285 |
- |
80 |
65 |
|
E75 |
75000 |
517 |
- |
- |
100000 |
689 |
- |
37 |
40 |
27 |
||
|
X95 |
88000 |
609 |
- |
- |
103000 |
712 |
- |
37 |
40 |
27 |
||
|
G105 |
95000 |
655 |
- |
- |
105000 |
724 |
- |
37 |
40 |
27 |
||
|
S135 |
105000 |
724 |
- |
- |
115000 |
37 |
40 |
27 |
||||
|
Size designation |
Calculated weight |
Tool joint designation |
Calculated weight |
grade |
Wall thickness |
Upset ends |
||
|
in |
1b/ft |
Kg/m |
in |
mm |
||||
|
2 3/8 |
6.65 |
NC26 |
6.26 |
9.32 |
E.X.G.S |
0.28 |
7.11 |
EU |
|
2 7/8 |
10.4 |
NC31 |
9.72 |
14.48 |
E.X.G.S |
0.362 |
9.19 |
EU |
|
3 1/2 |
13.3 |
NC38 |
12.31 |
18.34 |
E.X.G.S |
0.368 |
9.35 |
EU |
|
3 1/2 |
15.5 |
NC38,NC40 |
14.63 |
21.79 |
E.X.G.S |
0.449 |
11.4 |
EU |
|
4 |
14 |
NC40,NC46 |
12.93 |
19.26 |
E.X.G.S |
0.33 |
8.38 |
IU,EU |
|
4 1/2 |
16.6 |
NC46,NC50 |
14.98 |
22.31 |
E.X.G.S |
0.337 |
8.56 |
EU,IEU |
|
4 1/2 |
20 |
NC46,NC50 |
18.69 |
27.84 |
E.X.G.S |
0.43 |
10.92 |
EU,IEU |
|
5 |
19.5 |
NC50,NC52 |
17.93 |
26.71 |
E.X.G.S |
0.362 |
9.19 |
IEU |
|
5 |
25.6 |
NC50,5 1/2FH |
24.03 |
35.79 |
E.X.G.S |
0.5 |
12.7 |
IEU |
|
5 1/2 |
21.9 |
5 1/2FH |
19.81 |
29.51 |
E.X.G.S |
0.361 |
9.17 |
IEU |
|
5 1/2 |
24.7 |
5 1/2FH |
22.54 |
33.57 |
E.X.G.S |
0.415 |
10.54 |
IEU |
|
6 5/8 |
25.2 |
6 5/8FH |
22.19 |
33 |
E.X.G.S |
0.33 |
8.387 |
IEU |
|
6 5/8 |
27.7 |
6 5/8FH |
24.21 |
41 |
E.X.G.S |
0.362 |
9.19 |
IEU |
| Pipe Body | Adaptor | Length | Connection Style | Distance From Shoulder to Recess |
Across Flat | Recess Length |
|||
| OD | WALL | OD | ID | ||||||
| A | B | C | D | L | E | F | G | H | |
| 5 1/2 | 0.361 | 5 1/2 | 2 7/16 | 20' , 15' , 10' | NC38 (3 1/2 IF) | 2.00 | 6.00 | 4.00 | 1.575 |
| 5 | 0.362 | 5 | 2 1/4 | 20' , 15' , 10' | NC38 (3 1/2 IF) | 2.00 | 6.00 | 4.00 | 1.575 |
| 4 1/2 | 0.337 | 4 1/2 | 2 | 20' , 15' , 10' | NC31 (2 7/8 IF) | 2.00 | 6.00 | 3.50 | 1.575 |
| 3 1/2 | 0.368 | 3 1/2 | 1 3/4 | 20' , 15' , 10' | NC26 (2 3/8 IF) | 2.00 | 6.00 | 2.75 | 1.575 |
| Pipe Body | Tool Joint | Length | Connection Style | ||||
| OD | WALL | OD | ID | Tong Space | |||
| A | B | C | D | E | F | L (feet) | |
| 5 1/2 | 0.361 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 10', 15' , 20' , 30' | 5 1/2 FH |
| 5 | 0.362 | 6 5/8 | 2 3/4 3 1/4 3 3/4 |
7 | 10 | 10', 15' , 20' , 30' | NC50 (4 1/2 IF) |
| 4 1/2 | 0.337 | 6 1/4 | 3 3 1/4 |
7 | 10 | 10', 15' , 20' , 30' | NC46 (4 IF) |
| 3 1/2 | 0.368 | 5 | 2 7/16 2 9/16 |
8 | 10.5 | 10', 15' , 20' , 30' | NC38 (3 1/2 IF) |
| 2 7/8 | 0.362 | 4 1/8 | 2 2 1/8 |
7 | 9 | 10', 15' , 20' , 30' | NC31 (2 7/8 IF) |
| 2 3/8 | 0.280 | 3 3/8 | 1 3/4 | 7 | 8 | 10', 15' , 20' , 30' | NC26 (2 3/8 IF) |
| Organization | Designation Number | Title |
|---|---|---|
| API | 16A | Recommended Practice for Drill through Equipment |
| API | 6A | Recommended Practice for Wellhead Equipment |
| API | 5D | Recommended Practice for Drill pipe |
| API | 53 | Recommended Practice for Bolting Preventers |
| API | 7G-2 | Recommended Practice for Inspection and Classification of Used Drill Stem Elements |
| API | 53 | Recommended Practices for Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling Wells |
| ISO | 13500 | Drilling fluid materials – Specifications and tests |
| ISO | 13626 | Recommendations for suitable steel structures for drilling and well servicing operations in the petroleum |
| ISO | 13625 | Recommendations for the design, rating, manufacturing and testing of marine drilling riser couplings |
| ISO | 13533 | Drilling and production equipment – Drill-through equipment |
| ISO | 13534 | Drilling and production equipment – Inspection, maintenance, repair and remanufacture of hoisting equipment |
| ISO | 10407 | Drilling and production equipment – Drill stem design and operating limits |
| ISO | 13535 | Drilling and production equipment – Hoisting equipment |
| ISO | 11961 | Steel drill pipe |
| ISO | 17078 | Drilling and production equipment – Part 2: Flow-control devices for side-pocket mandrels |
| NORSOK | M-702 | Drilling and production downhole equipment |
| Industry Recommended Practice (IRP)∗ | IRP-1 | Critical Sour Drilling |
| IRP-2 | Completing and Servicing Critical Sour Wells | |
| IRP-6 | Critical Sour Underbalanced Drilling | |
| IRP-7 | Standards for Wellsite Supervision of Drilling, Completion, and Workovers | |
| IRP-14 | Non-Water-Based Drilling and Completions/Well Servicing Fluids | |
| IRP-22 | Underbalanced and Managed Pressure Drilling Operations Using Jointed Pipe |
|
API Drill Pipe Grade |
Minimum Yield Strength (psi) |
Minimum Tensile Strength (psi) |
|
E-75 |
75,000 | 100,000 |
|
X-95 |
95,000 | 105,000 |
|
G-105 |
105,000 | 115,000 |
|
S-135 |
135,000 | 145,000 |